Psychological Theories And Therapeutic Interventions In The Narcissist

Psychological Theories And Therapeutic Interventions In The Narcissistic Disorder Psychological Theories and Therapeutic Interventions in the Narcissistic Disorder The narcissistic personality disorder is a complex and often misunderstood disorder. The prominent feature of the narcissistic personality is the grandiose sense of self-importance, but actually underneath this grandiosity the narcissist suffers from a chronically fragile low self-esteem. The grandiosity of the narcissist, however, is often so pervasive that we tend to dehumanize him or her. The narcissist conjures in us images of the mythological character Narcissus who could only love himself, rebuffing anyone who attempted to touch him. Nevertheless, it is the underlying sense of inferiority, which is the real problem of the narcissist, the grandiosity is just a disguise used to cover the deep feelings of inadequacy. The narcissists grandiose behavior is designed to reaffirm his or her sense of adequacy. Since the narcissist is incapable of asserting his or her own sense of adequacy, the narcissist seeks to be admired by others. However, the narcissists extremely fragile sense of self worth does not allow him or her to risk any criticism. Therefore, meaningful emotional interactions with others are avoided. By simultaneously seeking the admiration of others and keeping them at a distance the narcissist is usually able to maintain the illusion of grandiosity no matter how people respond. Thus, when people praise the narcissist his or her grandiosity will increase, but when criticized the grandiosity will usually remain unaffected because the narcissist will devalue the criticizing person. discusses six areas of pathological functioning, which characterize the narcissist. In particular, four of these narcissistic character traits best illustrate the pattern discussed above. (1) a narcissistic indiv idual has a basic sense of inferiority, which underlies a preoccupation with fantasies of outstanding achievement; (2) a narcissistic individual is unable to trust and rely on others and thus develops numerous, shallow relationships to extract tributes from others;(3) a narcissistic individual has a shifting morality-always ready to shift values to gain favor; and (4) a narcissistic person is unable to remain in love, showing an impaired capacity for a committed relationship. The narcissist who enters therapy does not think that there is something wrong with him or her. Typically, the narcissist seeks therapy because he or she is unable to maintain the grandiosity, which protects him or her from the feelings of despair. The narcissist views his or her situation arising not as a result of a personal maladjustment; rather it is some factor in the environment which is beyond the narcissists control which has caused his or her present situation. Therefore, the narcissist expects the therapist not to cure him or her from a problem which he or she does not perceive to exist, rather the narcissist expects the therapist to restore the protective feeling of grandiosity. It is therefore essential for the therapist to be alert to the narcissists attempts to steer therapy towards healing the injured grandiose part, rather than exploring the underlying feelings of inferiority and despair. The most extreme form of narcissism involves the perception that no separation exists between the self and the object. The object is viewed as an extension of the self, in the sense that the narcissist considers others to be a merged part of him or her. Usually, the objects, which the narcissist chooses to merge with, represent that aspect of the narcissists personality about which feelings of inferiority are perceived. For instance if a narcissist feels unattractive he or she will seek to merge with someone who is perceived by the narcissist to be attractive. At a slightly higher level exists the narcissist who acknowledges the separateness of the object, however, the narcissist views the object as similar to himself or herself in the sense that they share a similar psychological makeup. In effect the narcissist perceives the object as just like me. The most evolved narcissistic personality perceives the object to be both separate and psychologically different, but is unable to appr eciate the object as a unique and separate person. The object is thus perceived as useful only to the extent of its ability to aggrandize the false self (Manfield, 1992). Pending the perceived needs of the environment a narcissist can develop in one of

Civil War Leaders essays

Civil War Leaders essays There were many sectional differences in ideas, leadership, and future plans for the United States. Leaders from both sides had conflicting objectives and intentions. Many issues were argued amidst the states and their leaders. Abraham Lincoln noticed the strong division growing between the northern and southern states and wanted to unit them. Lincoln wanted all states to be either slave or free just so long as they agreed. Confederate leaders however, did not want the uniting of states. They believed one government should not control all states; instead, they wanted individual states to be governed by themselves. A main divergence was the topic of labor. More specifically, what was the better system of production? What was the most civilized way of working? Factory workers and slaves were the main source of labor. Northerners were disgusted with the South for owning slaves. They felt slavery was immoral and decadent. Southerners, however, deliberated that the North were hypocrites because of their poor working conditions. The North relied on industries for income, and the South relied on cash crops. Mutually they believed their working arrangements were much better than that of the opposing side. Industries provided mass production of widgets and various parts for assorted machinery. Unfortunately, the majority of employment used for industrial labor was provided through the services of extremely young children (sweat shops). Because of the extraneous activities, the life expectancy became shorter. For the South, labor came from slaves. The slaves would mainly work on fields picking cotton, plowing and many other farming duties on plantations. Although living and working situations were at times considered better than those in the North, it wasnt justified. It was very difficult and demeaning. With the animosity growing, war was destined to occur. One interpretation for the cause of the Civil War w...

Average SAT Scores Over Time 1972 - 2018

Average SAT Scores Over Time 1972 - 2018 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips SAT scores for the past few years have shown a marked decline, particularly since 2006, which can be attributed to various causes. In this article, we provide you with some charts showing the average SAT trends from 1972 to 2018 as well as the variation in SAT scores by ethnicity. Average SAT Scores for Past Years: 1972-2018 First off, here is a chart of the SAT averagesfrom 1972 to 2018 so that you can see the overall trends in SAT scores throughout the years. All data is taken from the 2016 College Board Total Group Profile Report, the 2017 report, and the 2018 report. Year Math Critical Reading Writing Year Math Critical Reading Writing 1972 509 530 - 1996 508 505 - 1973 506 523 - 1997 5 505 - 1974 505 521 - 1998 512 505 - 1975 498 512 - 1999 5 505 - 1976 497 509 - 2000 514 505 - 1977 496 507 - 2001 514 506 - 1978 494 507 - 2002 516 504 - 1979 493 505 - 2003 519 507 - 1980 492 502 - 2004 518 508 - 1981 492 502 - 2005 520 508 - 1982 493 504 - 2006 518 503 497 1983 494 503 - 2007 514 501 493 1984 497 504 - 2008 514 500 493 1985 500 509 - 2009 514 499 492 1986 500 509 - 2010 515 500 491 1987 501 507 - 20 514 497 489 1988 501 505 - 2012 514 496 488 1989 502 504 - 2013 514 496 488 1990 501 500 - 2014 513 497 487 1991 500 499 - 2015 5 495 484 1992 501 500 - 2016 508 494 482 1993 503 500 - 2017* 527 533 1994 504 499 - 2018* 531 536 1995 506 504 - - - - *The old SAT had three main sections: Math, Critical Reading, and Writing. Since theSAT's massive redesign in spring 2016, there are now two main sections on the test: Math and Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW), the latter of which is a combination of the Reading and Writing sections. Now, here's historical SAT test data for different ethnicities. The scores below are the combined mean scores for the Critical Reading and Math sections (for 2017 and 2018, scores shown are the means for the EBRW and Math sections combined). Demographic of Test Takers 2007 Scores 20 Scores 2015 Scores 2016 Scores* 2017 Scores* 2018 Scores* American Indian or Alaskan Native 981 972 963 939 963 914 Asian, Asian American, or Pacific Islander 1092 12 23 31 (Asian American) 870 (Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander) 81 (Asian) 986 (Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander) 52 (Asian) 948 (Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander) Black or African American 862 855 859 855 941 919 Mexican or Mexican American 921 917 905 - - - Puerto Rican 913 904 905 - - - Other Hispanic, Latino, or Latin American 922 913 906 901 (All Hispanic, Latino, and Latin American) 990 (Hispanic/ Latino) 1005 (Hispanic/Latino) White 1061 1063 1063 1061 18 1077 Other 1009 1010 1009 1015 03 (Two or More Races) 1044 (Two or More Races) No Response 977 944 926 952 961 875 Sources: 2007 Report,20 Report, 2015 Report, 2016 Report, 2017 Report, 2018 Report *Note the changes in ethnic categories for the 2016-2018 reports. SAT Score Trends: Discussing the Numbers What the SAT charts above show us is that the scores vary greatly depending on how the College Board structures the test and organizes its scoring. The years of study thata student engages in matter. The more years of secondary education someone has completed, the better her average score on the SAT will be. Higher GPA also correlates with higher SAT scores. Generally, Critical Reading (now called Reading on theredesignedSAT) has taken an overall decline, whereas the Math score has risen slightly over time. There are of course small fluctuations throughout the years, but the overall trend is clear. There are also notable gaps in the performances of students from different socioeconomic and ethnic groups that show no signs of closing. ACT scores, unlike SAT scores, have remained relatively more stable over the past several years. Though they, too, have shown similar variations in numbers, it hasn’t been as bad as the SAT numbers. On the other hand, they do show differences based on the ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds of the test takers. Due to the nature of the test or due to different demographic profiles among test takers, from 2006 to 2016 overall average SAT scores fell a total of 34 points, down in each of the three sections tested. (You'll notice a sharp increase in section scores in 2017, but this is partly due to the SAT's massive redesign; thus, we won't be able to use these scores for our comparison until more years use the redesigned SAT format.) According to the demographics table, from 2007 to 2015 the average scores for white students stayed about the same. Similarly, mostother groups witnessed no change or decreases from 2007 to 2015. Asian Americans experiencedthe biggest positive change of all groups during this time frame: a staggering 31-point increase in mean Critical Reading/Math scores. (Note, though, that before 2016, Asian Americans were combined with Pacific Islanders.) Access to quality education, not ethnicity, might explain a significant portion of the racial gap. This can includevariations based on whether the student completed a core curriculum or not, and whether they had access to SAT prep. In 2014-2017, more students took the ACT than the SAT; this trend reversed in 2018, with over 2.1 million students taking the SAT (compared to 1.9 million who took the ACT during that same time period). Many students believe that the SAT doesn't accurately reflect what is taught in schools today. The decision to institute changes to the SAT in 2016 may have beendue to this disparity between what is taught and what is tested; it could also have beendue to the loss of market shares to the ACT. Critics say that the SAT measures a student's background and access to resources (including test prep) more than it predicts a student's likelihood of success at the college level. Actually, those two points might correlate because the students that receive this sort of help are also more likely to receive the support they need in college from their families. While it’s true there is variation in scores with respect to race and income, it is still something that can be overcome by the student with both dedication and practice. What’s Next? Struggling with a low SAT score? Check out our series of articles on the how to improve your scores on the SATMath, Reading, and Writingsections. Shooting high on the SAT? Check out our series on how to get perfect scores on the SAT Math, Reading, and Writingsections,written by a perfect scorer. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

Forks over knives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Forks over knives - Essay Example d that children from the country’s affluent parts consumed plenty of animal-processed foods that exposed them to a higher risk of getting liver cancer in their later years. As for Esselstyn, his discovery comes from his experiences as a surgeon as he realizes that several of the diseases he regularly treats are practically unheard of in parts of the world where animal-processed foods are not consumed. Fulkerson bases the film on investigations conducted by the two researchers as from the 1980s when they initially meet. In an attempt to convince people that plant-based and whole foods have the potential of reversing lifestyle diseases and degenerative ailments, he features the pioneering study by Campbell and Esselstyn in China. Fulkerson includes alarming data on the huge sums of money spent on medical bills and the high number of Americans that are obese; to paint the grim picture that is reality. This is helpful in raising awareness and making it clear that changes in one’s diet need to start now. Fulkerson also trails the lives of a chosen set of patients who have taken on a plant-based diet and witnessed positive changes in just a short while. The positive changes include remarkable improvements in cholesterol levels, blood pressure and arterial occlusions. The illustration of these stories brings on great persuasive value to the message of the films adding on is the fact that Fulkerson gets on a similar diet himself. These affirmative effects coupled with scenarios of places such as New Guinea where regenerative ailments are unknown and foods consumed are purely plant-based, brings out the simple fact that animal protein is detrimental to one’s health (Groen). Featuring nutrition experts and celebrity cameos, he comes out to dismiss all the myths about fish and chicken being the best source of proteins while milk being the easily digestible way of getting calcium. He, therefore, through Caldwell and Esselstyn, emphasizes on adopting a diet that

Canadian Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Canadian Economy - Essay Example   The main   economic indicators of the   health of any economy comprise in either the absolute figure of the Gross National Product(GNP) or the Gross National Expenditure(GNE) of the economy ,preferably on deflated basis with a base year or the period to period growth rate in such a rate ;unemployment rate is another critical indicators of the economic development and growth as it indicates the percentage of the able bodies that are not gainfully employed; the third and last   most important indicator of the economic health of the economy is the inflation rate which indicates the rate at which a chosen set of prices are rising and thereby determines the real purchasing power of the national currency. A high degree of inflation often leads to widespread erosion of economic value and if the inflation is caused by monetary factors then the economic results can give misleading results if measured at market prices. Canadian economy has come out of period of recession and is on an expansionary phase. It has experienced this growth despite several shocks like the hit to beef exports caused by the Mad Cow disease SAARS afflictions etc. As of the 3rd quarter 2007 the total population of Canada was placed at 32,976,026 .As of October 2007 Canada had an unemployment rate of 5.8 % .As of September 2007 the overall Canadian inflation rate was measured at 2.5 % .Real GDP rose by   0.2 % as of August 2007. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the most often used economic indicator to arrive at a good measure of the value of economic activity.... tal population of Canada was placed at 32,976,026 .As of October 2007 Canada had an unemployment rate of 5.8 % .As of September 2007 the overall Canadian inflation rate was measured at 2.5 % .Real GDP rose by 0.2 % as of August 2007. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the most often used economic indicator to arrive at a good measure of the value of economic activity. In fact, the GDP is a double edged sword in the sense that it helps measure two major economic data over the reference period: the total income of the population in the economy and the total expenditure incurred on the economy's domestic output of goods and services. A major factor that makes the GDP measure these two things is the fact that whatever one person in the economy spends becomes the income of another person; because in the ultimate sense each person in the economy assumes one of the two roles i.e. either that of the buyer or that of the seller. If one is not a seller himself, more general position then he is a member of a seller organization which is an economic agent and pays the member for selling his services. Speaking from the accounting point of view, for the economy as a whole, income and expenditure must always equal one another. In the 2nd quarter of 2007 Canadian exports rose by 0.7 % ;whereas the imports rose by 1.6 % in the same period. The exchange rate of the Canadian dollar with its major trading currency the US dollar stood at 1.0254 as of October 2007.The most sensitive and indicative of all interest rates i.e. The Prime interest rate was placed at 6.25 % as of October 2007. The stock markets also witnessed a good turnover and activity and the S&P/TSX Composite Index, with base of 1975 stood at 14,625.00 as of October 2007.The most important economic indicators of the Federal

Hamlet :: essays research papers

Hamlet The Modern ntinued to fall as it had for the past week. Hayden was trying to figure out what had happen in the past six months. The lost of his father, the gain of a stepfather, it all puzzled him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"How can all of this happen in such short amount of time? She didn’t even wait a month after my father’s death to get married, to his brother at that.† Hayden stared out the widow at the rain from his desk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A sight breeze blew past him, Hayden turned around to see where it came from. He was faced with his father. Hayden was speechless. The spirit gently touched his left shoulder then spoke. â€Å"Hayden, my death was not an accident. Your uncle set up the plane crash, so he could have it all.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"But what can I do? Hayden managed to mutter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I need you to stop Claude from ruining anymore lives, including yours.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before Hayden reacted, the room was empty again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Suddenly a knocking came from his oak door. Hayden stood up, walked across the room to the door and opened it. It was Harry, Hayden’s best friend. He told Harry everything that just happened. They decided that taking Claude’s life would be the best plan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"But, Lorne, I dunno if Hayden still wants to be with me. He says he cares for me, but he just doesn’t show his affection.† Olivia stated as she looked into her mirror and slowly brushed her silky blonde hair.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lorne slowly walked up to Olivia, gently place his right hand on her left shoulder, and then said, â€Å"Livie, I have nothing against Hayden Christiansen, but I just dunno if he’s the right person for you.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Why is that?† Olivia was puzzled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I get a bad vibe from him.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Well, last week, I was walking down the hall and I saw Hayden, so, naturally I stopped and said hi. But he just kept on walking. He completely ignored me. â€Å"Olivia said with an upset tone. â€Å"I just wanted to cry.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I just don’t know about him.† Lorne looked at his watch, then continued. â€Å"I have to go.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Olivia turned, looked at Lorne, and questioned. â€Å"You’re leaving already? But you just came home last night.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I know, I’m sorry. But this time I won’t be got as long this time.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Promise?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Promise!†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Olivia sighed then said, â€Å"Okay.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"But remember if he makes you cry, he’s just not worth it.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Alright.† Olivia replied then kissed Lorne on his pale lips.

The Wholefoods Company

At the wholefoods company most entry level employees make $10. 86 on average. This averages out to about 21,000 a year. This may not seem to be a very comparable pay scale, but their benefits out ways the pay. With a very extensive benefits package wholefoods has effectively been able to entice workers to be a part of the company. The company offers medical, dental, 401k, personal wellness account, health care reimbursement, dependent care reimbursement, life insurance, disability insurance, team member stock option plan, team member stock purchase plan, team member discounts, team member emergency sharing account, and gain sharing.Having all of these benefits outweighs the pay scale for most employees. They give good raises when promoting in the company as well. Most raise within the company are close to 1. 5%. The goal of employees in wholefoods would be to work their way up the chain of command to make more money. Store team leads within this company on average make $60, 171 a yea r. There are many other team lead positions within the organization that all pay close to $14 an hour. Being that there is a team lead position for each department of whole foods there is room for improvement and growth within the company.Wholefoods can turn into a career for any hard working employee. One purposed change that the company could make to their pay structure to increase their marketability to the workforce could to be to increase the raise percentage from 1. 5% annually to 3% annually depending upon productivity. Make the raise structure be based of productivity the more productive employees will earn 3% rises whereas the non-productive employees only get 1%. This change can also prove beneficial to the company as a motivation tool. (Whole foods market, pay scale and benefits ,2013)